Allow cubes as input for bias preprocessor

[schlunma]

Description

This PR allows using cubes as input for the bias preprocessor, which drastically increases its usability outside of recipes. Additionally, I added a check if the bias_type argument is valid that is executed much earlier before processing datasets.

Closes #2082

Link to documentation: https://esmvaltool--2183.org.readthedocs.build/projects/ESMValCore/en/2183/recipe/preprocessor.html#bias

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (0668223) 93.72% compared to head (a4dc385) 93.74%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2183      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   93.72%   93.74%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         238      238              
  Lines       13125    13153      +28     
==========================================
+ Hits        12302    12330      +28     
  Misses        823      823              

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[valeriupredoi]

I'll have a review done tomorrow, bud

[valeriupredoi]

looking very good, and cheers, Manu! The two reasons why I'm not approving straightaway are that error that I think needs be a bit more explicit, and (for the life of me) I can't see how those two integration tests differ 🍺

[valeriupredoi]

many thanks for addressing the review points, bud 🍺

[schlunma]

Thanks for the review V! Merging this now since I need it to continue with #2299.