Editor

Editor is an HTML5 rich text editor, which provides powerful cross-browser normalisation in a flexible lightweight package (only 16KB of JS after minification and gzip, with no dependencies!).

It was designed to handle email composition for the Fastmail web app. The most important consequence of this (and where Editor differs from most other modern rich text editors) is that it must handle arbitrary HTML, because it may be used to forward or quote emails from third-parties and must be able to preserve their HTML without breaking the formatting. This means that it can't use a more structured (but limited) internal data model (as most other modern HTML editors do) and the HTML remains the source-of-truth. The other consequence is excellent handling of multiple levels of blockquotes.

Editor is designed to be integrated with your own UI framework, and so does not provide its own UI toolbar, widgets or overlays. Instead, you get a component you can insert in place of a <textarea> and manipulate programmatically, allowing you to integrate seamlessly with the rest of your application and lose the bloat of having two UI toolkits loaded.

Editor supports all reasonably recent browsers. It no longer supports any version of IE.

In addition to its use at Fastmail, it is also currently used in production at ProtonMail, SnappyMail, StartMail, Tutanota, Zoho Mail, Superhuman and Teamwork Desk, as well as other non-mail apps including Google Earth (drop me a line if you're using Editor elsewhere, I'm always interested to hear about it!).

For a demo of the latest version with a production-level UI integration, sign up for a free Fastmail trial :). There's also a very bare-bones integration in the repo; just clone it and open Demo.html. If you are reporting a bug, please report the steps to reproduce using Demo.html, to make sure it's not a bug in your integration.

Installation and usage

1. Add Editor to your project: npm install @akc42/html-editor
2. In your code, import Editor from '@akc42/html-editor';
3. Create your editor by calling editor = new Editor(node, config); [^1].

[^1] config is an optional object to provide more information about how to act

Editor lifecycle

You can have multiple Editor instances in a single page without issue. If you are using the editor as part of a long lived single-page app, be sure to call editor.destroy() once you have finished using an instance to ensure it doesn't leak resources.

Security

Malicious HTML can be a source of XSS and other security issues. You MUST provide a method to safely convert raw HTML into DOM nodes to use Editor. Editor will automatically integrate with DOMPurify to do this if present in the page. Otherwise you must set a custom sanitizeToDOMFragment function in your config.

• sanitizeToDOMFragment: (html: string, editor: Editor) => DocumentFragment A custom sanitization function. This will be called instead of the default call to DOMPurify to sanitize the potentially dangerous HTML. It is passed two arguments: the first is the string of HTML, the second is the Editor instance. It must return a DOM Fragment node belonging to the same document as the editor's root node, with the contents being clean DOM nodes to set/insert.

Advanced usage

Editor provides an engine that handles the heavy work for you, making it easy to add extra features. With the changeFormat method you can easily add or remove any inline formatting you wish. And the modifyBlocks method can be used to make complicated block-level changes in a relatively easy manner.

If you need more commands than in the simple API, I suggest you check out the source code (it's not very long), and see how a lot of the other API methods are implemented in terms of these two methods.

The general philosophy of Edoitor is to allow the browser to do as much as it can (which unfortunately is not very much), but take control anywhere it deviates from what is required, or there are significant cross-browser differences. As such, the document.execCommand method is not used at all; instead all formatting is done via custom functions, and certain keys, such as 'enter' and 'backspace' are handled by the editor.

Setting the default block style

By default, the editor will use a <div> for blank lines, as most users have been conditioned by Microsoft Word to expect Enter to act like pressing return on a typewriter. If you would like to use <p> tags (or anything else) for the default block type instead, you can pass a config object as the second parameter to the Editor constructor. You can also pass a set of attributes to apply to each default block:

var editor = new Editor(document, {
    blockTag: 'P',
    blockAttributes: { style: 'font-size: 16px;' }
});

Determining button state

If you are adding a UI to Editor, you'll probably want to show a button in different states depending on whether a particular style is active in the current selection or not. For example, a "Bold" button would be in a depressed state if the text under the cursor is already bold.

The efficient way to determine the state for most buttons is to monitor the "pathChange" event in the editor, and determine the state from the new path. If the selection goes across nodes, you will need to call the hasFormat method for each of your buttons to determine whether the styles are active. See the getPath and hasFormat documentation for more information.

License

Editor is released under the GPL license. See LICENSE for full license.

API

addEventListener

Attach an event listener to the editor. The handler can be either a function or an object with a handleEvent method. This function or method will be called whenever the event fires, with an event object as the sole argument. The following events may be observed:

• focus: The editor gained focus.
• blur: The editor lost focus
• keydown: Standard DOM keydown event.
• keypress: Standard DOM keypress event.
• keyup: Standard DOM keyup event.
• input: The user inserted, deleted or changed the style of some text; in other words, the result for editor.getHTML() will have changed.
• pathChange: The path (see getPath documentation) to the cursor has changed. The new path is available as the path property on the
• event's detail property object.
• select: The user selected some text.
• cursor: The user cleared their selection or moved the cursor to a different position. It is also worth noting that this is a good time to retrieve the editor selection getSelection and save it. If you are implementing a toolbar focus will be lost from the editor when you click the toolbar button and with it the current selection and it is important to set it (via setSelection) back to this saved value before attempting to call any of the other functions mentioned in the API
• undoStateChange: The availability of undo and/or redo has changed. The event object has a detail property, which is an object with two boolean properties, canUndo and canRedo to let you know the new state.
• willPaste: The user is pasting content into the document. The content that will be inserted is available as either the fragment property, or the text property for plain text, on the detail property of the event. You can modify this text/fragment in your event handler to change what will be pasted. You can also call the preventDefault on the event object to cancel the paste operation.
• pasteImage: The user is pasting image content into the document.

The method takes two arguments:

• type: The event to listen for. e.g. 'focus'.
• handler: The callback function to invoke

When invoked the handler's this value will be the that of the editor (unless of course you have bound the handler function to another this value).

Returns self (the Editor instance).

removeEventListener

Remove an event listener attached via the addEventListener method.

The method takes two arguments:

• type: The event type the handler was registered for.
• handler: The handler to remove.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

setKeyHandler

Adds or removes a keyboard shortcut. You can use this to override the default keyboard shortcuts (e.g. Ctrl-B for bold – see the bottom of KeyHandlers.js for the list).

This method takes two arguments:

• key: The key to handle, including any modifiers in alphabetical order. e.g. "Alt-Ctrl-Meta-Shift-Enter"
• fn: The function to be called when this key is pressed, or null if removing a key handler. The function will be passed two arguments when called:
  • event: The key event object.
  • range: A Range object representing the current selection.
  • The this value of this function will be the editor.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

focus

Focuses the editor.

The method takes no arguments.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

blur

Removes focus from the editor.

The method takes no arguments.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

getHTML

Returns the HTML value of the editor in its current state. This value is equivalent to the contents of the <body> tag and does not include any surrounding boilerplate.

setHTML

Sets the HTML value for the editor. The value supplied should not contain <body> tags or anything outside of that.

The method takes one argument:

• html: The html to set.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

getSelectedText

Returns the text currently selected in the editor.

insertImage

Inserts an image at the current cursor location.

The method takes two arguments:

• src: The source path for the image.
• attributes: (optional) An object containing other attributes to set on the <img> node. e.g. { class: 'class-name' }. Any src attribute will be overwritten by the url given as the first argument.

Returns a reference to the newly inserted image element.

insertHTML

Inserts an HTML fragment at the current cursor location, or replaces the selection if selected. The value supplied should not contain <body> tags or anything outside of that.

The method takes one argument:

• html: The html to insert.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

getPath

Returns the path through the DOM tree from the <body> element to the current current cursor position. This is a string consisting of the tag, id, class, font, and color names in CSS format. For example BODY>BLOCKQUOTE>DIV#id>STRONG>SPAN.font[fontFamily=Arial,sans-serif]>EM. If a selection has been made, so different parts of the selection may have different paths, the value will be (selection). The path is useful for efficiently determining the current formatting for bold, italic, underline etc, and thus determining button state. If a selection has been made, you can use the hasFormat method instead to get the current state for the properties you care about.

getFontInfo

Returns an object containing the active font family, size, color and background color for the the current cursor position, if any are set. The property names are respectively fontFamily, fontSize, color and backgroundColor (matching the CSS property names). It looks at style attributes to detect this, so will not detect <FONT> tags or non-inline styles. If a selection across multiple elements has been made, it will return an empty object.

createRange

Creates a range in the document belonging to the editor. Takes 4 arguments, matching the W3C Range properties they set:

• startContainer
• startOffset
• endContainer (optional; if not collapsed)
• endOffset (optional; if not collapsed)

getCursorPosition

Returns a bounding client rect (top/left/right/bottom properties relative to the viewport) for the current selection/cursor.

getSelection

Returns a W3C Range object representing the current selection/cursor position.

setSelection

Changes the current selection/cursor position.

The method takes one argument:

• range: The W3C Range object representing the desired selection.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

moveCursorToStart

Removes any current selection and moves the cursor to the very beginning of the document.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

moveCursorToEnd

Removes any current selection and moves the cursor to the very end of the document.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

saveUndoState

Saves an undo checkpoint with the current editor state. Methods that modify the state (e.g. bold/setHighlightColor/modifyBlocks) will automatically save undo checkpoints; you only need this method if you want to modify the DOM outside of one of these methods, and you want to save an undo checkpoint first.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

undo

Undoes the most recent change.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

redo

If the user has just undone a change, this will reapply that change.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

hasFormat

Queries the editor for whether a particular format is applied anywhere in the current selection.

The method takes two arguments:

• tag: The tag of the format
• attributes: (optional) Any attributes the format.

Returns true if the entire selection is contained within an element with the specified tag and attributes, otherwise returns false.

bold

Makes any non-bold currently selected text bold (by wrapping it in a <b> tag).

Returns self (the Editor instance).

italic

Makes any non-italic currently selected text italic (by wrapping it in an <i> tag).

Returns self (the Editor instance).

underline

Makes any non-underlined currently selected text underlined (by wrapping it in a <u> tag).

Returns self (the Editor instance).

removeBold

Removes any bold formatting from the selected text.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

removeItalic

Removes any italic formatting from the selected text.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

removeUnderline

Removes any underline formatting from the selected text.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

makeLink

Makes the currently selected text a link. If no text is selected, the URL or email will be inserted as text at the current cursor point and made into a link.

This method takes two arguments:

• url: The url or email to link to.
• attributes: (optional) An object containing other attributes to set on the <a> node. e.g. { target: '_blank' }. Any href attribute will be overwritten by the url given as the first argument.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

removeLink

Removes any link that is currently at least partially selected.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

setFontFace

Sets the font face for the selected text.

This method takes one argument:

• font: A comma-separated list of fonts (in order of preference) to set.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

setFontSize

Sets the font size for the selected text.

This method takes one argument:

• size: A size to set. Any CSS length value or absolute-size value is accepted, e.g. '13px', or 'small'.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

setTextColor

Sets the color of the selected text.

This method takes one argument:

• color: The color to set. Any CSS color value is accepted, e.g. '#f00', or 'hsl(0,0,0)'.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

setHighlightColor

Sets the color of the background of the selected text.

This method takes one argument:

• color: The color to set. Any CSS color value is accepted, e.g. '#f00', or 'hsl(0,0,0)'.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

setTextAlignment

Sets the text alignment in all blocks at least partially contained by the selection.

This method takes one argument:

• alignment: The direction to align to. Can be 'left', 'right', 'center' or 'justify'.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

setTextDirection

Sets the text direction in all blocks at least partially contained by the selection.

This method takes one argument:

• direction: The text direction. Can be 'ltr' or 'rtl'.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

forEachBlock

Executes a function on each block in the current selection, or until the function returns a truthy value.

This method takes two arguments:

• fn The function to execute on each block node at least partially contained in the current selection. The function will be called with the block node as the only argument. The this value will be the editor.
• mutates A boolean indicating whether your function may modify anything in the document in any way.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

modifyBlocks

Extracts a portion of the DOM tree (up to the block boundaries of the current selection), modifies it and then reinserts it and merges the edges. See the code for examples if you're interested in using this function.

This method takes one argument:

• modify The function to apply to the extracted DOM tree; gets a document fragment as a sole argument. this is bound to the Editor instance. Should return the node or fragment to be reinserted in the DOM.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

increaseQuoteLevel

Increases by 1 the quote level (number of <blockquote> tags wrapping) all blocks at least partially selected.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

decreaseQuoteLevel

Decreases by 1 the quote level (number of <blockquote> tags wrapping) all blocks at least partially selected.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

makeUnorderedList

Changes all at-least-partially selected blocks to be part of an unordered list.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

makeOrderedList

Changes all at-least-partially selected blocks to be part of an ordered list.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

makeListItem

If Inside an ordered or unordered list, add an additional list item at cursor point of list. Note: Normal Insertion Rules Apply.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

removeList

Changes any at-least-partially selected blocks which are part of a list to no longer be part of a list.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

increaseListLevel

Increases by 1 the nesting level of any at-least-partially selected blocks which are part of a list.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

decreaseListLevel

Decreases by 1 the nesting level of any at-least-partially selected blocks which are part of a list.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

code

If no selection, or selection across blocks, converts the block to a <pre> to format the text as fixed-width. If a selection within a single block is present, wraps that in <code> tags for inline formatting instead.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

removeCode

If inside a <pre>, converts that to the default block type instead. Otherwise, removes any <code> tags.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

toggleCode

If inside a <pre> or <code>, calls removeCode(), otherwise callse code().

Returns self (the Editor instance).

removeAllFormatting

Removes all formatting from the selection. Block elements (list items, table cells, etc.) are kept as separate blocks.

Returns self (the Editor instance).

changeFormat

Change the inline formatting of the current selection. This is a high-level method which is used to implement the bold, italic etc. helper methods. THIS METHOD IS ONLY FOR USE WITH INLINE TAGS, NOT BLOCK TAGS. It takes 4 arguments:

1. An object describing the formatting to add, or null if you only wish to remove formatting. If supplied, this object should have a tag property with the string name of the tag to wrap around the selected text (e.g. "STRONG") and optionally an attributes property, consisting of an object of attributes to apply to the tag (e.g. {"class": "bold"}).
2. An object describing the formatting to remove, in the same format as the object given to add formatting, or null if you only wish to add formatting.
3. A Range object with the range to apply the formatting changes to (or null/omit to apply to current selection).
4. A boolean (defaults to false if omitted). If true, any formatting nodes that cover at least part of the selected range will be removed entirely (so will potentially be removed from text outside the selected range as well). If false, the formatting nodes will continue to apply to any text outside the selection. This is useful, for example, when removing links. If any of the text in the selection is part of a link, the whole link is removed, rather than the link continuing to apply to bits of text outside the selection.

modifyDocument

Takes in a function that can modify the document without the modifications being treated as input.

This is useful when the document needs to be changed programmatically, but those changes should not raise input events or modify the undo state.

linkRegExp

This is the regular expression used to automatically mark up links when inserting HTML or after pressing space. You can change it if you want to use a custom regular expression for detecting links, or set to /[]/ to turn off link detection.