Prover EVM_EE: Support blockhash opcode

[MdTeach]

Description

• Adds support for the blockhash opcode in the prover EVM, requiring validation of the hash chain for the last 256 ancestor blocks.
• Proves the ancestor block hash chain only when the blockhash opcode is used in a block.
• Introduces a functional test that utilizes the blockhash opcode, resolving a previous panic in the prover.

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature/Enhancement (non-breaking change which adds functionality or enhances an existing one)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation update
• Refactor
• New or updated tests
• Dependency Update

Notes to Reviewers

Checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my code.
• I have commented my code where necessary.
• I have updated the documentation if needed.
• My changes do not introduce new warnings.
• I have added (where necessary) tests that prove my changes are effective or that my feature works.
• New and existing tests pass with my changes.

Related Issues

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 49 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 54.75%. Comparing base (0e1171e) to head (e65dcb4).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/reth/exex/src/prover_exex.rs	0.00%	32 Missing ⚠️
crates/reth/exex/src/cache_db_provider.rs	0.00%	17 Missing ⚠️

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #736      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   54.80%   54.75%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files         322      322              
  Lines       36107    36247     +140     
==========================================
+ Hits        19788    19847      +59     
- Misses      16319    16400      +81     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
crates/proof-impl/evm-ee-stf/src/primitives.rs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
crates/reth/exex/src/cache_db_provider.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
crates/reth/exex/src/prover_exex.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 12 files with indirect coverage changes

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[github-actions]

Commit: 6e3cd12

SP1 Execution Results

program	cycles	success
Bitcoin Blockspace	71,012	✅
EVM EE STF	302,098	✅
CL STF	166,610	✅
Checkpoint	4,252	✅

[prajwolrg]

Great work!

[evgenyzdanovich]

LGTM!

Please make sure fntests failures aren't related to this change and let's push this work.