STR-1134: Make Prover's checkpoint submit utilize the retry mechanism.

[evgenyzdanovich]

Description

Prover-client: make checkpoint submit utilize the retry mechanism.

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature/Enhancement (non-breaking change which adds functionality or enhances an existing one)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation update
• Refactor
• New or updated tests
• Dependency Update

Notes to Reviewers

Checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my code.
• I have commented my code where necessary.
• I have updated the documentation if needed.
• My changes do not introduce new warnings.
• I have added (where necessary) tests that prove my changes are effective or that my feature works.
• New and existing tests pass with my changes.

Related Issues

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 29 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 54.79%. Comparing base (aeda4e4) to head (1ca7c36).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
bin/prover-client/src/prover_manager.rs	0.00%	24 Missing ⚠️
bin/prover-client/src/operators/checkpoint.rs	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
bin/prover-client/src/operators/operator.rs	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #738      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   54.84%   54.79%   -0.06%     
==========================================
  Files         322      322              
  Lines       36207    36221      +14     
==========================================
- Hits        19858    19847      -11     
- Misses      16349    16374      +25     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
bin/prover-client/src/operators/operator.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
bin/prover-client/src/operators/checkpoint.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
bin/prover-client/src/prover_manager.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 5 files with indirect coverage changes

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[github-actions]

Commit: 7e0e08b

SP1 Execution Results

program	cycles	success
Bitcoin Blockspace	71,012	✅
EVM EE STF	302,087	✅
CL STF	166,610	✅
Checkpoint	4,252	✅