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Board compare chart

                                                                    Program  Dynamic
Name       Processor   Operating/Input  CPU   Analog  Digital  EEPROM  SRAM  Flash  USB   UART
                        Voltage        Speed  In/Out  IO/PWM    [kB]   [kB]  [kB]
Uno        ATmega328P  5 V / 7-9 V     16 MHz   6/0   14/6        1      2    32   Regular  1
Nano       ATmega328P  5 V / 7-9 V     16 MHz   8/0   14/6        1      2    32   Mini     1
Mega 2560  ATmega2560  5 V / 7-12 V    16 MHz  16/0   54/15       4      8   256   Square   4
Due        ATSAM3X8E   3.3 V / 7-12 V  84 MHz  12/2   54/12       -     96   512   Micro    4
NodeMCU    ESP8266     3.3 V / 7-12 V  80 MHz   1/0    9/9      512     64     4   Mini     2
Blue Pill  STM32L0 ARM® 2.6V ~ 3.6V    72 MHz                           20    64

Another 32 bit board is the STM32, STM32L031K6, STM32L0 ARM® MCU 32-Bit

Ximimark 1Pcs TDA7297 Digital Audio Amplifier Module 15W+15W Dual-Channel Stereo Power Amplifier Board AC/DC 12V DIY Sound System Component DC 8-18 power supply (12V is recommended) Output effective power is 15Wx2

TDA7492P Digital 50W+50W Amplifier Board with Bluetooth 4.0 Audio Receiver 8 ~ 25V DC power supply, input plug onboard Headphone output plug onboard 2 x speaker output Bluetooth input

TDA2030A Audio Amplifier Module Power Amplifier Board Electronic 6-12V18W W6A8 The integrated circuit is used in car stereo receiver, tape recorders, medium-power audio equipment. Onboard TDA2030A audio power amplifier chip Mono 18W amplifier circuit design Onboard 10K adjustable resistor to adjust the amplification volume. Working voltage: 6 ~ 12V

     -----
 V+ |     | 
IN+ |     | 
IN- |     | Sp+
 V- |     | Sp-
     -----

Digital Blocks 38KHz IR Infrared Receiver Sensor Module

+++ Due Startup Issue

My Due R3 won't start program if powered off for even a short time. https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=256771.60

Software fix: Command used: Copy avrdude.conf and the hex file (latest atmega16u2 firmware) to the same folder as avrdude.exe before running. avrdude in the following directory: /Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/bin Get serial device port: $ ls /dev/tty.* ... /dev/tty.usbmodem14211 Run the following: R:\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr\bin>avrdude.exe -C avrdude.conf -c usbasp -P /dev/tty.usbmodem14211 -b 19200 -p m16u2 -vvv -U flash:w:16u2.hex:i Reference, https://www.instructables.com/How-to-Restore-the-Arduino-UNO-R3-ATmega16U2-Firmw/ Arduino-COMBINED-dfu-usbserial-atmega16u2-Uno-Rev3.hex https://github.com/NicoHood/HoodLoader2/blob/master/avr/bootloaders/HexFiles/Arduino-COMBINED-dfu-usbserial-atmega16u2-Uno-Rev3.hex https://www.arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Upgrading16U2Due https://www.instructables.com/How-to-Restore-the-Arduino-UNO-R3-ATmega16U2-Firmw/

+++ Hardware case component mounting tips.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PG7lqaCJ6yA

Sending keyboard characters. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples/KeyboardLogout

+++ ESP32

ESP32 BLE Keyboard library https://github.com/T-vK/ESP32-BLE-Keyboard Steven suggested: SparkFun Thing Plus - ESP32 WROOM $10 HiLetgo ESP-WROOM-32 ESP32 ESP-32S Development Board 2.4GHz Dual-Mode WiFi + Bluetooth Dual Cores Microcontroller Processor Integrated with Antenna RF AMP Filter AP STA for Arduino IDE

After that, the boards are plug and play with the IDE after you add the board source: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/installing.html Most of the ESP32 boards I’ve seen use the same CP210x chip as the Serial passthrough which you can just get a generic driver from the source if you’re on windows: https://www.silabs.com/developers/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers?tab=downloads After that, the boards are plug and play with the IDE after you add the board source: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/installing.html

USB cable pin outs. When looking into a female USB plug, plastic block to the top, pin1 is on the left.

  • pin1, red: +5V
  • pin2, white: Data(-)
  • pin3, green: Data(+)
  • pin4, black: ground(-)
  • Shielding.

When looking into a male USB plug, plastic block to the bottom, pin1 is on the right.

  • pin1, red: +5V
  • pin2, white: Data(-), or data for a USB keyboard
  • pin3, green: Data(+), or clock
  • pin4, black: ground(-)

For a USB keyboard,

  • pin1, red: +5V
  • pin2, white: data
  • pin3, green: clock
  • pin4, black: ground(-)

Connect a USB keyboard to an Arduino, https://www.instructables.com/id/Connect-Arduino-UNO-to-USB-Keyboard/

Keyboard library, https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/usb/keyboard/

Keyboard library, example, https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/PS2Keyboard/blob/master/examples/TypeToDisplay/TypeToDisplay.ino

General info

A microcontroller unit (MCU) is a processor on a single chip that is focused on input/output (I/O). A microcontroller module board is a complete mother board: CPU, RAM, clock timer, I/O, power connectors, and reset button.

Computer microprocessors are designed to maximize compute power on the chip, with internal bus connections--rather than direct I/O--to supporting hardware such as RAM and serial ports.

Simply put, coffee makers use microcontrollers; desktop computers use microprocessors.

On Ebay, search for, "Nano V3 ATmega328P CH340G Micro controller board for Arduino". Note, there are various Nano boards. The processors are ATmega328P, however they use various USB connection chips. I use the cheap one, CH340 USB driver. This required me to install a driver. Here is a link to how I got my MacBook to communicate with my Nano CH340 boards: https://github.com/tigerfarm/arduino/tree/master/MacInstall On Windows, I installed a CH340 driver and all was good. One other note, I have the cheap cheap ones, I set my IDE to use “Processor ATmega328P (Old Bootloader)“. Some of the ones I got for a little over $3, they use “Processor ATmega328P”. Either way, they work fine, I don’t see any noticeable difference. I’ve bought over a dozen Nano boards, their my favorite, great for use on a breadboard.

USB cable wiring:

  • Red: 5V+
  • Black: ground(-)
  • White: data +
  • Green: data -

Set up on my MacBook:

In the Arduino IDE menu, select:

  • Tools/Boards: Arduino Nano
  • Processor: ATmega328P (Old Bootloader), or with some Nano boards, use ATmega328P.
  • Port: /dev/cu.wchusbserial14120

Steps to Install Libraries

  • Either from the library manager: IDE menu Tools/Manage Libraries
  • Or by downloading a Zip file. Then, IDE menu Sketch/Include Library/Add ZIP Library. Select the Zip file.
  • Or download a Zip file. Move the unzipped files directory, into the directory: Users/.../Documents/Arduino/libraries. IDE menu Library manager (Sketch/Include library/Manage libraries), install: tvout.

List of available libraries: https://www.arduinolibraries.info/categories/signal-input-output

Build next and projects in progress

Programmable LCD Clock project: WiFi set time

Project to set time using infrared:

  • Set Programmable Clock, components: DS3231 clock, 1602 LCD, infrared receiver, Nano board, USB micro cable for power, and full sized breadboard.
  • Set date(year and month) and time (hours, minutes, seconds) using the infrared receiver and a remote control.

Digital Clock project

  • Digital clock, components: DS3231 clock, 2 2x7-segment digit displays, 2 Nano boards, USB micro cable for power, and full sized breadboard.
  • DS3231 clock is set by using the Programmable LCD Clock.
  • Need a program set the clock using the 2 2x7-segment digit displays. This approach would also work with a TM1637 display.
  • Or, add a NodeMCU board to make a request to a server to get the time, and then use that time to set the clock.
  • Use TM1637 to replace the 2 2x7-segment digit displays and the second Nano board which displays the hours.
  • Alarms: https://github.com/kriswiner/DS3231RTC/blob/master/DS3231RTCBasicExample.ino

Error handling for Non-I2C Nano to Nano communications between Nano boards.

Non-I2C Nano to Nano communications works well in the Programmable Clock project.

However, no error handling. If anything goes wrong, the circuit needs to be reset.

I have updated my data communications program for bi-directional data:

  • A Nano can send and receive data to/from another Nano that uses the same sketch.
  • I should implement bi-directional data, by adding data acknowledgement: Minutes Nano sends hour byte to the Hour Nano. After receiving the hour byte value, reply with an ack. Or if there was a data error, reply with a resend request.
  • Maybe add parity check.

Other projects

  • MP3 player for the new Douk Audio amp.

  • Update pong: align the boarders, and add cables for paddles for playing.

  • Timer to turn an electrical light on and off using a 120v control relay. This project will use the Programmable Clock to control the 120v control relay.

  • Test BME280 weather device: Temperature, Humidity and Pressure.

  • Weather module: Temperature, Humidity and Pressure. Requires: Nano with USB micro cable, breadboard, LCD, BME280

  • MP3 player components: Nano with a USB micro cable for power, IR receiver, DFPlayer, half size breadboard, and amplifier

  • Minute clock pulse for complex clock. Requires DS3231 clock board and LCD, Nano with a USB micro cable for power.

  • SD card reader to store and read state

DS3231 clock board EEPROM Read/write

  • Read/write to/from the 32K EEPROM of the AT24C32 chip on the DS3231 clock.
  • The AT24C32 has 32K bits of serial EEPROM memory organized as 4096 words of 8 bits each.
#include <Wire.h>

void setup() {
  Serial.begin (115200);
  ...
  Serial.println ();
  Serial.println ("+ I2C device scanner, scanning...");
  byte count = 0;
  Wire.begin();
  for (byte i = 8; i < 120; i++)
  {
    Wire.beginTransmission (i);
    if (Wire.endTransmission () == 0)
      {
      Serial.print ("++ Address: ");
      Serial.print (i, DEC);
      Serial.print (" (0x");
      Serial.print (i, HEX);
      Serial.println (")");
      count++;
      delay (1);  // maybe unneeded?
      }
  }
  Serial.print ("+ Found ");
  Serial.print (count, DEC);
  Serial.println (" device(s).");
}

AT24C32 EEPROM write and read program.

#define AT24C32_I2C_ID 0x57   //I2C address for the AT24C32 EEPROM chip on the DS3231 RTC board

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Wire.begin();
  writeEEPROM(0,98);  		// Write 98 to EEPROM location 0
  delay(5);                     // need this delay after a write before a read
  byte c = readEEPROM(0);	// Read from location 0
  Serial.print("+ Byte read from location 0 is ");
  Serial.println(c);
}

void loop() {
}

void writeEEPROM(int address, byte data) {
  Wire.beginTransmission(AT24C32_I2C_ID);
  // send memory address to write
  // the memory address consists of 12 bits (2^12 = 4096 = 32K bytes)
  Wire.write(address >> 8);    // Address MSB = upper 4 bits
  Wire.write(address & 0xff);  // Address LSB = last 8 bits
  // write data
  Wire.write(data);
  Wire.endTransmission();
}

byte readEEPROM(int address) {
  // send address to read
  Wire.beginTransmission(AT24C32_I2C_ID);
  Wire.write(address >> 8);    // Address MSB = upper 4 bits
  Wire.write(address & 0xff);  // Address LSB = last 8 bits
  Wire.endTransmission();
  // request 1 byte to read
  Wire.requestFrom(AT24C32_I2C_ID, 1);
  return Wire.read();
}

Parts I have for building

  • 1 Nano boards
  • 4 NodeMCU ESP8266, with ESP12E for WiFi, boards
  • 1 Uno
  • 1 Uno clone, for which I need to figured out a driver
  • Breadboards: 1/2 and full sized.
  • 3 DS3231 clock boards
  • 4 rotary encoders
  • 3 relay switches
  • 3 BME280 boards
  • NRF24L01 wireless communication boards
  • USB cables to use a power source with USB wall plugs.
  • 5 5v power adapters
  • Voltage Regulator: AMS1117-3.3v

TTL UART CP2102 Converter for serial communications through USB.

  • CP2102 can be used to migrate legacy serial port based devices to USB.
  • RS232/Serial Communication protocol, to build USB devices very easily.
  • The module creates a virtual COM port using USB on your computer which can support various standard Baud Rates for serial communication.
  • After driver installation, plug the module into any USB port of your PC. Driver link.
  • A new COM port is made available to the PC. Convenient for TTL level data i/o.
  • The Rx and Tx pin can be connected directly to the MCUs pins (assuming 5v i/o).

Pinouts This module has 6 pin breakout which includes

  • TXD = Transmit Output - Connect to Receive Pin(RXD) of Micro controller. This pin is TX pin of CP2102 on board.
  • RXD = Receive Input - Connect to Transmit Pin(TXD) of Micro controller. This pin is RX pin of CP2102 on board.
  • GND = Should be common to microcontroller ground.
  • 3V3 = Optional output to power external circuit upto 50mA.
  • 5V = Optional output to power external circuit upto 500mA
  • DTR/RST = Optional output pin to reset external microcontrollers like Arduino.

7-segment display

7-Segment Displays on the Arduino Setup for 1 and4 digits. http://www.circuitbasics.com/arduino-7-segment-display-tutorial/

  • Use a 1k resister/digit to limit current.
  • Uses library: SevSeg.
  • For 1 digit, uses Nano digital pins 2-8, 6 pins.
  • My program sample for 1 digit: 7segment1digit.ino
  • For 2 digit, uses Nano digital pins 4-12, 9 pins.
  • My program sample for 2 digits: 7segment2digit.ino

4 Nano pins for 1 7-segment display using a 74LS47 which is binary to display. Reference: https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/counter/bcd-counter-circuit.html

Texas Instruments 74LS47 7447 SN74HC47N IC BCD to Seven-Segment Decoder/Driver.

  • On eBay.com, 5 for about $3.
  • The display requires resisters: 220-470 ohm. Use bitRead to get a specific bit of a number. Loop through the number of bits, to get all the bits.
lcd.setCursor(0,1); // set to first character bottom line
for (int i=15; i>=0; i--)
  if (bitRead(value,i)) lcd.print ("1"); else lcd.print ("0");

Reference: https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/bits-and-bytes/bitread/

00 to 99 on 2 separate Seven-Segment Displays: https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/KVLakshmiSri/00-to-99-on-seven-segment-displays-1ca7e0

TM1637: 4 x 7-segment display

Pins:

  • Clock
  • Data I/O
  • 5+
  • Ground

http://www.zonnepanelen.wouterlood.com/10-four-digit-7-segment-led-display-for-arduino-based-on-the-tm1637-driver/

#include <TM1637Display.h> // The library has the option to create custom characters.
const int CLK = 9;         // set the CLK pin connection to the display
const int DIO = 8;         // set the DIO pin connection to the display
int i = 0;
TM1637Display display(CLK, DIO);
void setup(){
    display.setBrightness(0x0a); // set the display to maximum brightness
}
void loop(){
    for(i = 0; i < 9999; i++){
        display.showNumberDec(i);
        delay (250);
    }
}

Hardware Component Notes

Interrupt pins

Documentation:

Example setup for the rotary encoder, using Nano pin 2:

attachInterrupt (0, rotarydetect, CHANGE);
--- or ---
attachInterrupt (digitalPinToInterrupt(2), rotarydetect, CHANGE);

Click here for Nano documentation. Click here for NodeMCU documentation.

NodeMCU sample interrupt program. Setup connections: NodeMCU 3.3v to button to D2 to resister to ground.

uint8_t GPIO_Pin = D2;
void setup() {
 Serial.begin(9600);
 attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(GPIO_Pin), IntCallback, RISING);
}
void loop() {
}
void IntCallback(){
 Serial.print("Stamp(ms): ");
 Serial.println(millis());
}

I2C Bus synchronous serial protocol for component communications

The DS3231 Clock and 1602 LCD display both communicate with the Nano using I2C.

Nano pins 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL) are used for I2C.
SDA is the serial data pin.
SCL is the serial clock pin.
The clock signal synchronizes data transfer between devices.

Only two wires are required for communication between up to almost 128 (112) devices when using 7 bits addressing. The 8th bit is used for indicating whether the master will write to the slave (logic low) or read from it (logic high).

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), pronounced I-two-C or I-squared-C. I²C is appropriate for peripherals where simplicity and low manufacturing cost are more important than speed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C

Connecting 2 Nano boards

Reference: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/MasterWriter

Connect pin 5 (SCL) and pin 4 (SDA) on the master Nano (write) to the slave Nano (receive). Make sure that both boards share a common ground. Connect the 5V output of the Master to the VIN pin on the slave.

  1. Master write data to the slave.
#include <Wire.h>
void setup() {
  Wire.begin(); // join i2c bus (address optional for master)
}
byte x = 0;
void loop() {
  Wire.beginTransmission(8);    // transmit to device #8
  Wire.write("x is ");          // sends five bytes
  Wire.write(x);                // sends one byte
  Wire.endTransmission();       // stop transmitting
  x++;
  delay(500);
}

Slave receives the data.

#include <Wire.h>
// Event function that executes whenever data is received.
void receiveEvent(int howMany) {
  while (1 < Wire.available()) {    // loop through all but the last
    char c = Wire.read();           // receive byte as a character
    Serial.print(c);                // print the character
  }
  int x = Wire.read();              // receive byte as an integer
  Serial.println(x);                // print the integer
}
void setup() {
  Wire.begin(8);                    // join i2c bus with address #8
  Wire.onReceive(receiveEvent);     // register event function
  Serial.begin(9600);               // start serial for output
}
void loop() {
  delay(100);
}
  1. Master request data from the slave, and then receives the data.
#include <Wire.h>
void setup() {
  Wire.begin();        // join i2c bus (address optional for master)
  Serial.begin(9600);  // start serial for output
}
void loop() {
  Wire.requestFrom(8, 6);       // request 6 bytes from slave device #8
  while (Wire.available()) {    // slave may send less than requested
    char c = Wire.read();       // receive a byte as character
    Serial.print(c);            // print the character
  }
  delay(500);
}

Slave write data, when requested by the master:

#include <Wire.h>
// Event function that executes whenever data is requested by master.
void requestEvent() {
  //          123456
  Wire.write("hello ");         // respond with request message of length 6 bytes.
}
void setup() {
  Wire.begin(8);                // join i2c bus with address #8
  Wire.onRequest(requestEvent); // register event
}
void loop() {
  delay(100);
}

+++ GPIO Port Extenders chip: PCF8574

  • Can connect up to 8, 8-bit GPIO Port Extenders (PCF8574), that run on the I2C bus.

  • I2C uses simple addressing, only two lines per bus one clock and one data for all connected devices.

  • I2C communication speeds are 100 kHz and 400 kHz for fast mode. I have seen 1.2 MHz though.

  • PCF8574 has only 1 power connection to drive all LED simultaneously, which may not be enough.

Nice wiring sample: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXMkgQf3fqU

#include "Arduino.h"
#include <Wire.h>
void setup() {
// I2C Two Wire initialisation
Wire.begin();
// Turn OFF all pins by sending a high byte (1 bit per byte)
Wire.beginTransmission(0x027);
Wire.write(0xF);
Wire.endTransmission();
}
loop {
//Simple LED blink! Turn ON P0 bit by setting LOW (to zero)
Wire.beginTransmission(0x027);
Wire.write(0b11111110);
Wire.endTransmission();
delay (500);
// Now turn OFF P0 and turn P1 ON
Wire.beginTransmission(0x027);
Wire.write(0b11111101);
Wire.endTransmission();
}

include the "PCF8574.h" library
PCF8574(uint8_t address);
pcf8574.pinMode(P0, OUTPUT);
pcf8574.pinMode(P1, INPUT);
//
PCF8574.digitalWrite(P1, HIGH); // or LOW
int p1 = PCF8574.digitalRead(P1); // reads pin P1
// Read all pins:
 PCF8574::DigitalInput di = PCF8574.digitalReadAll();
Serial.print(di.p0); Serial.print(" - ");
Serial.print(di.p1); Serial.print(" - ");
...
Serial.println(di.p7);
// Function interrupt to monitor for key press
void keyPressedOnPCF8574();
// Set i2c HEX address
PCF8574 pcf8574(0x20, ARDUINO_UNO_INTERRUPT_PIN, keyPressedOnPCF8574);

Wireless Communication – NRF24L01

Steps: https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rcVeFFHcFM

Other video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o74kQSlpGn4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D40cgHyBLL4

BME280 board for Weather projects

Use an Nano with BME280 for Temperature, Humidity and Pressure

---------------
| 1 3.3V      | To Arduino Nano, pin 3.3v
| 2 GND       | To Arduino Nano, pin GND
| 3 SCK/SCL   | To Arduino Nano, pin A5
| 4 SDI/SDA   | To Arduino Nano, pin A4
| 5 CSB       | Not used.
| 6 SDO       | Not used.
---------------

Library suggested: Grove - Barometer Senor BME280 by Seed Studio, version 1.02

Projects: https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Nano-and-Visuino-Display-BME280-Temperatur/ https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Easy-Weather-Station-With-BME280-Sensor/

TV output of temperature. https://www.onetransistor.eu/2018/01/arduino-thermometer-with-tv-output.html

DS3231 Clock board

DS3231 is a high precision real-time clock module.

  • The DS3231 has an internal Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator(TCXO) which isn’t affected by temperature. It is accurate to a few minutes per year.
  • The battery, a CR2032, can keep the RTC running for over 8 years without an external 5V power supply. Another source said, the battery will keep the clock going for over 1 year.
  • The 24C32 EEPROM (32K pin) uses I2C interface for communication and shares the same I2C bus as DS3231.

DS3231 Pins:

VCC to 3.3-5.5V
GND to ground
SDA to D4 (pin 4) on Uno and Nano
SCL to D5 (pin 5) on Uno and Nano

The DS3231 connects to the Nano i²c (I2C or i2c) bus: SDA and SCL.

Reference: https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=477214.0

I2C Serial LCD 1602 (16 characters x 2 lines)

Use I2C Serial, only 2 microcontroller pins, to display messages on the LCD 1602.

Connect LCD to Nano:

SCL - A5
SDA - A4
VCC - 5V
GND - GND

I2C communications between Nano boards.

Works, but not when the project also includes a DS3231 clock board which uses I2C.

See projects: i2cSlave or i2cSlave2digits, and i2cMasterRotaryEncoder.

Non-I2C Nano to Nano communications between Nano boards.

Works well. However, no error handling. Currently, if anything goes wrong, the sender and the receiver circuit needs to be reset.

See projects: dataReceiver or dataReceiver2digits, and dataSenderRotaryEncoder.

Useful components

  • Arduino Nano 3.0 controller, CH340 USB driver

  • ESP8266 ESP-12E NodeMcu Lua V3 CH340G WIFI Lua Wireless Development Board Module

  • LCD 1602 16x2 Serial HD44780 Character LCD Board Display with White on Blue Backlight 5V with IIC/I2C Serial Interface Adapter

  • Infrared IR Wireless Remote Control Module Kits: Keyestudio 38KHz, IR receiver and small remote controller

  • 4 x 4 16 Key Matrix Membrane Switch Keypad

  • 10 Segment LED Bargraph Light Display

  • DS3231: DC 3.3-5.5V, High Precision Real-Time Clock Module, $1.29

  • BME280: Humidity, Temperature, Barometric Pressure Sensor

MP3 player components: https://secure.newegg.com/Wishlist/MyWishlistDetail?ID=8188917

  • YDA138-E Audio Amplifier Board 8W+8W 12W+12W Dual Mode HIFI Dual Channel Stereo Digital Amplifier Board DC12V For YAMAHA $4.99

  • TRIXES Electronics Solderless 400 Point Prototyping Breadboard, $2.39

  • DFPlayer Mini MP3 Player Module, $2.78

  • 3.3V DC 800mA from 4.75V-12V, Voltage Regulator: AMS1117-3.3V

  • 5V DC from 6.0V-12V, Voltage Regulator: AMS1117-5.0V, 2 pins in, 2 pins out voltage

  • 5V power supply module: AMS1117 with DC seat and switch

  • Battery: CR2032, used in the DS3231 clock

What range of voltage should be expected from the Nano '5V' pin?

  • Maximum 5.5v
  • Sticking my multi meter directly up the USB port in the desktop gives me 5.11V.
  • You need 6.5V or so to get the on-board regulator working properly.
  • If you power the board from an external power supply of 7 to 12 V on the VIN pin, the onboard regulator would be used and you may find the 5V voltage is closer to 5V.
  • ATmega328P will run at any voltage between 1.8 and 5.5 V depending configurations

Sound interesting

ESP8266 ESP-12E NodeMcu

Adding infrared receiver: https://www.instructables.com/id/Universal-Remote-Using-ESP8266Wifi-Controlled/

  • Library: IRremoteESP8266?

  • Power on right side, G and 3V.

  • D4 or D2 for receiver. Sample uses: TSOP1738 IR receiver or some other IR receivers.

  • The article also shows how to send infrared signals.

  • Video I used to get it working: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p06NNRq5NTU ++ I added ESP8266 boards as an option in the IDE. ++ I uploaded and ran the basic blink program.

Version I bought:

  • ESP8266 ESP-12E NodeMcu Lua V3 CH340G WIFI Lua Wireless Development Board Module

A suggested voltage regulator:

  • I used Boards Manager, search for ESP and installed: ESP8266 Community version2.5.2.

  • Search: ESP8266 ESP-12E CH340

  • Search: ESP8266 ESP-12E CP2102

  • Looks like Arduino UNO uses FTDI USB drivers (FTDI FT232/FT232R that Arduino uses), not CH340 nor CP2102.

LoLin version uses USB CH340, which same as my Arduino Nano chips CH340 just fine without needing a driver with setup. Amica v.2 and DOIT v.3 use CP2102.

Producers: Amica (see ‘NodeMCU and Amica‘ below), DOIT/SmartArduino, and LoLin/WeMos.

A.) SiliconLabs CP2102 Drivers for Windows 7/8/8.1
https://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/Pages/USBtoUARTBridgeVCPDrivers.aspx#windows
CP2102 USB-to-TTL (Drivers for Mac, Windows,
http://www.silabs.com/Support%20Documents/Software/Mac_OSX_VCP_Driver.zip
http://www.silabs.com/Support%20Documents/Software/CP210x_VCP_Windows.zip

B.) WCH CH340G Drivers for Windows 7/8/8.1 http://www.arduined.eu/ch340g-converter-windows-7-driver-download/

Also, don’t be put off if the name of the driver file is “CHG341SER.zip”, as the ‘341 is fully software compatible to the ‘340. So, go ahead and use the ‘341 version of the drivers. I use them on my LoLin, WeMOs D1 & D1/R2 boards as well as for my Arduino Nano boards (those cheaper Chinese clones).

hotodiode + Thermistor + Sound Detection Sensor Kit for Arduino Humidity Temperature Barometric Pressure Sensor Module BME280

wall plug 5v power adaptor https://www.ebay.com/itm/5V-1A-Mini-USB-Home-Travel-Wall-Charger-Power-Charging-Adaptor-US-Plug-Hot-Sale/112542999293?hash=item1a3415e2fd%3Ag%3ArCwAAOSwXf9Zo8Mh&LH_BIN=1

ENC28J60 spi interface Ethernet network module

sim800l gprs gsm module micro-sim core board quad-band for arduino https://www.ebay.com/itm/SIM800L-gprs-gsm-module-micro-sim-core-board-quad-band-for-arduinor-K5H1/263370283725?epid=26010975359&hash=item3d52179acd:g:iZIAAOSwEaBaKC03

Projects

Working

Other Projects to do next

  • Bluetooth player board, update to the old AM radio

Complex Clock project: LED Clock

  • Parts: ++ Arduino Nano, 2 x bar graph LEDs, 2 x 7 Segment LED, chips
  • Hours counter ++ 12 hours using 2 x bar graph LEDs, 4011 CMOS chip ++ Debounce button to set the hour. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Debounce
  • Minutes counter ++ 00-59 minutes, in binary, bar graph LEDs ++ 00-59 minutes, using 2 x 7 Segment LED(0-5 & 0-9) ++ Debounce button to set the minutes.
  • Keep the time when powered down ++ Add battery powered clock timer to set the clock automatically ++ Or WiFi option to set the clock automatically

Other

Information and sample project links

MP3 Player

  • Works.
  • I rewrote the control program.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwBmx8fpXCY

  • Arduino
  • 5 buttons
  • MDFPlayer chip
  • resister
  • speaker: mono

Arduino Project: MP3 player using Arduino and DFPlayer mini MP3 player module from banggood.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UodfePdNfg8

https://www.instructables.com/id/MP3-Player-With-Arduino/

Pong

Works.

  • Re-organized the control program and added features:
  • Game pause
  • When game over, press button to start a new game.

https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Pong-4/ https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-to-recreate-the-classic-pong-game-using-arduino/

Things to do on your computer / software:

S 0) If you have the Arduino IDE running: exit it.
S 1) Download "TVoutBeta1.zip" from https://code.google.com/p/arduino-tvout/downloads/list
S 2) Copy all three directories contained in "TVoutBeta1.zip" to the "\libraries" directory of your Arduino IDE (in my case: c:\arduino-1.0.1\libraries).
After this, there should be the three new directories and several more.
S 3) Start the Arduino IDE and check if you have the menu-entry "File > Examples > tvout". If not, restart the IDE and check if you put everything in the right place.

Things to do with hardware/your Arduino:

TV-Connection
H 1) Take your RCA plug/Cinch-Cable and strip the outer rubber layer away. Gather up the shielding, twist and put away to one side. This is your ground (GND).
H 2) Strip the plastic/rubber from the inner cable as well. This is your SIGNAL.
H 3) Solder BOTH the 470 ohm and 1k ohm resistors to SIGNAL.
H 4) The 470 ohm (Yellow|Purple|Brown) connects to Digital D07 on the Arduino
H 5) The 1k ohm (Brown|Black|Red) connects to Digital D09 on the Arduino
H 6) The shielding (GND) connects to a ground/GND on the Arduino
H 7) Load the examples (from S 3 above) into your Arduino, connect the RCA/Cinch Cable to your TV-Video-In (yellow connector on your TV-set) and add power - you should see some lovely output on your TV.

Paddles
H 8) Connect the center pin of one 10k ohm potentiometer to Analog A0 on the Arduino and the center pin of the other potentiometer to Analog A1 on the Arduino.
H 9) Connect one of the outer pins of each 10k ohm potentiometer to GND on the Arduino.

Startbutton
H 10) Startbutton: connect one of the two pins of the pushbutton to +5V on the Arduino, connect the other pin to Digital D02 on the Arduino AND to a 10k ohm resistor.
H 11) Connect the other end of the 10k ohm resistor to ground/GND on the Arduino.
(https://www.arduino.cc/en/uploads/Tutorial/button_schem.png)

S 4) Start your Arduino IDE and copy the sourcecode from Pastebin to the workspace, compile and upload everything to the Arduino. Connect the Arduino to your tv and you're ready play!

A friend and I figured out how to adjust the ball speed without glitching the game. if(frame % 3 == 0) adjust the three there to a two or even one to make the game crisper and faster. for example: if(frame % 1 == 0)

Consider the code to blink the LED from the first activity. We used the digitalWrite()function to turn the the LED HIGH or LOW. Because we would like to display a range of colors, this system of writing to the LED is no longer sufficient. Instead we use the analogWrite() function which takes a number [0,255] instead of HIGH or LOW. An example of this is: analogWrite(ledPin, 126);. In the case of the LED, these numbers correspond to the brightness of a diode (red, blue or green). With analogWrite()we therefore can write 256^3 = 16777216 different colors to the LED instead of the 2^3 = 8 available with digitalWrite()'s HIGH and LOW system.

Arduino Send Data to Google Docs (Spreadsheet) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFF0mdl_zBU

Google Sheets API - HTML Form Data to Google Sheet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxqfwfQi0jk

Reading & Writing Cell Values https://developers.google.com/sheets/api/guides/values

Google Apps Script Quickstart https://developers.google.com/sheets/api/quickstart/apps-script

Fritzing for creating Network Diagrams

Steps:

  • Download and install.
  • Once started, update the components and restart.

Start Fritzing. Click the Breadboard tab. This is where diagrams are created.

Other hardware devices

Arduino Tutorial: ATTiny85 board A First Look and review. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOBGdSYi318

Build an Arduino UNO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNIMCdVOHOM

Nano V3 vs Arduino UNO:

Arduino Nano

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
https://github.com/witnessmenow/HTTPS-directly-from-ESP8266/blob/master/implentation/implentation.ino
char host[] = "api.reddit.com";
if (client.connect(host, 443)) {
    Serial.println("connected");
...
}

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMZdM0Wlt54

Twilio SMS with using an ESP8266

Send SMS and MMS Messages From the ESP8266 in C++ https://www.twilio.com/docs/sms/tutorials/how-to-send-sms-messages-esp8266-cpp

Includes code to connect to a WiFi network and verify the SHA1 signature of api.twilio.com.

How to receive an SMS: https://www.twilio.com/docs/sms/tutorials/how-to-receive-and-reply

Controlling a light on/off/status, using esp8266. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0U2Hqux1b88

Chips

CMOS: HEF4511BP BCD to 7-segment latch/decoder/driver

TA7205AP NTE Equvilent NTE1155 5.8W integrated audio power amplifier.

TTL:  LM556 Dual timing circuit is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillation.
TTL:  DM7404. Hex Inverting Gates

CMOS: MC14049B Hex Inverter/Buffer
CMOS: LM339N Comparator Differential
CMOS: MC14011BCP Gates 3-18V Quad NAND 2-Input 
CMOS: HEF4011BP is a quad two input NAND gate
CMOS: MC14049BCP ON Semiconductor Buffers & Line Drivers 3-18V Hex CMOS

CMOS: LM386 Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier.
LM741CN Texas Instruments Operational Amplifiers - Op Amps Operational Amplifier
LM1458 and the LM1558 are general purpose dual operational amplifiers. 
BA10324A ROHM Semiconductor Operational Amplifiers - Op Amps

SN7476N Texas Instruments Flip Flops Dual J-K Positive-Edge-Triggered Flip-Flops with Preset and Clear
CD4027BCN Fairchild Flip Flops Dual J-K Flip-Flop
CD4049BCN CMOS Hex Buffer/Converter 

T106C1 SCR

Parts on Amazon.com

Purchased Items

My first order.

1 x ($3.21) SODIAL Nano V3.0 ATmega328P CH340G 5V 16M MINI USB Nano V3.0 Compatible to Arduino Blue $19.26
1 x ($6.40) SODIAL UNO R3 Development Board microcontroller MEGA328P ATMEGA16U2 Compat for Arduino blue $6.40

1 x ($1.02) SODIAL Breakout Humidity/Digital Temperature/Barometric Pressure Sensor Module BME280 $1.02
1 x ($1.00) SPI Reader Micro SD Memory Card TF Memory Card Shield Module for Arduino $1.00
1 x ($1.00) 4 x 4 16 Key Matrix Membrane Switch Keypad $1.00
1 x ($1.29) DC 3.3-5.5V DS3231 High Precision Real-Time Clock Module for MCU $1.29
2 x ($1.06) SODIAL 5V 1 channel H / L Level Trigger Relay Optocoupler Module for Arduino $2.12
1 x ($1.00) DC 5V Coil Relay Module for SCM Development $1.00

1 x ($1.08) SODIAL Infrared Wireless Remote Control Kit for Arduino DIY Project $1.08
1 x ($1.00) SODIAL For Arduino Bluetooth Module Serial Board Transceiver Transmitter Receiver $1.00
1 x ($1.00) New HC-SR04 Distance Measuring Transducer Sensor Ultrasonic Module for Arduino $1.00

1 x ($6.86) SODIAL 3pcs MB-102 Breadboard 830 Point Solderless Prototype PCB Board Kit for Arduino Proto Shield Distribution Connecting Blocks $6.86
1 x ($4.00) SODIAL 3X Mini 400 Points Prototype PCB Solderless Breadboard Protoboard $4.00
1 x ($2.00) SODIAL 3X MB102 Breadboard Power Supply Module 3.3V 5V for Arduino Bread Board $2.00
1 x ($1.30) SODIAL DC 9V PP3 Battery Holder Box Case Wire Lead ON/OFF Switch Cover + 2.1mm Plug $1.30

1 x ($2.00) 1602 16x2 Character LCD Display Module Blue Blacklight $2.00
1 x ($2.26) SODIAL 10 Segment LED Bargraph Light Display (5PCS RED) $2.26
1 x ($2.00) MAX7219 Red Dot Matrix Module MCU Control LED Display DIY w Cable $2.00
1 x ($1.30) 100 Pcs 5mm Red Green White Blue LED Light Emitting Diodes DC 2.5V-3V $1.30
1 x ($1.12) 5 pcs Common Cathode 10 Pin 2 Bit 7 Segment 0.4" Red LED Display Digital Tube $1.12
1 x ($1.22) 10 Pcs 10 Pin 1 Bit 7 Segment 0.5" Red LED Display Digital Tube $1.22

2 x ($1.39) SODIAL DFPlayer Mini MP3 Player Module For Arduino Black $2.78
1 x ($0.87) SODIAL PAM8403 mini 5V digital power amplifier board with switch potentiometer can USB power supply $0.87
1 x ($2.59) SODIAL YDA138-E YAMAHA 12W+12W Dual Channel Digital Audio Amplifier Board DC 12V $2.59
2 x ($1.81) SODIAL 2 Pcs 5W 8 Ohm Magnetic Speaker Loudspeaker 70mm x 30mm for TV Player $3.62

1 x ($0.36) 10 Pcs 4 Pins Tactile Round Push Button Switch Momentary Tact $0.36
1 x ($1.00) 2Pcs Single Linear Knurled Shaft Volume Rotary Potentiometers 1K Ohm $1.00
4 x ($0.42) SODIAL Potentiometer Single Linear Potentiometer Resistance:10K $1.68
2 x ($0.77) SODIAL Replacement 1.41 inchcap top diameter 6mm shaft hole non-slip potentiometer knob $1.54
1 x ($3.00) SODIAL 1% Precision 1 / 4W 30 Values ??Metal Resistor Resistance Kit, Set of 600 pcs $3.00
1 x ($2.00) New 5 Pcs AC 250V/3A 120V/6A On-Off 2 Position Spdt Self Locking Toggle Switch $2.00

2 x ($1.00) 40 x 10 male - female jumper plug / socket jumpers jumper wires $2.00
1 x ($1.43) SODIAL 65 x Jumper Wires Asked Jumpers Breadboard $1.43
1 x ($1.29) 65PCS Male to Male Solderless Breadboard Jumper Cable $1.29
1 x ($1.19) SODIAL 9v Battery Clip Snap Accessories with 2.1 X 5.5mm Male Dc Plug for Arduino(5 Pack) $1.19
1 x ($0.77) SODIAL 1pcs MINI USB Cable for Arduino NANO Controller Board $0.77

Other parts
+ LM317 DC-DC 1.5A 1.2-37V Adjustable Power Supply Board DC Converter Buck Step Down Module Adjustable Linear
+ Breadboard Power Supply Module 2 Channel: 3.3v and 5v
+ Breadboard Power Supply Module MB102 with switch and DC female plug: 3.3v and 5v, Input voltage: 6.5-12 V (DC) or USB power supply
+ 1602 LCD with Keypad Shield Board Blue Backlight Module for Arduino Duemilanove
+ Nano V3.0 ATmega328P controller compatible for arduino nano CH340 USB driver NO CABLE NANO 3.0

+++ Creating boards (PCB)

Turning A Fritzing Board Into A PCB.

Rotary Dialer code

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6QlOP-AZII

uint8_t accum; void handle_dial_activity(uint32_t clock, bool last_dial, bool dial, bool last_click, bool click) { if (dial && ! last_dial) { // Dial just started moving accum = 0; } else if (!dial && last_dial) { // Dial just stopped moving if (accum > 0 && accum <= 10) { int digit = accum == 10 ? 0 : accum; Serial.print("Dialed "); Serial.println(digit, DEC); } } else if (click && !last_click) { // "click" switch just closed click_on_time = clock; } else if (!click && last_click) { // "click" switch just opened uint32_t click_was_on_for = clock - click_on_time; if (click_was_on_for < 5) { Serial.print("Ignoring click bounce of time="); Serial.println(click_was_on_for, DEC); } else { accum++; } } }

eof

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