CI: Remove deprecated macos12 runner and add macos13 and macos15 #4814

Job	Run time
ci (ubuntu-20.04, 18, gcc, g++, Release)	6m 35s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, 18, gcc, g++, Debug)	8m 13s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, 20, gcc, g++, Release)	6m 14s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, 20, gcc, g++, Debug)	5m 27s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, 22, gcc, g++, Release)	6m 13s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, 22, gcc, g++, Debug)	7m 31s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, gcc, g++, -Db_sanitize=address, Release)	9m 7s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, gcc, g++, -Db_sanitize=address, Debug)	6m 19s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, clang, clang++, -Db_sanitize=undefined, Release)	9m 58s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, clang, clang++, -Db_sanitize=undefined, Debug)	9m 21s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, gcc, g++, -Db_sanitize=thread, Release)	7m 10s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, 22, gcc, g++, -Db_sanitize=thread, Debug)	6m 27s
ci (macos-13, 18, clang, clang++, Release)	9m 13s
ci (macos-13, 18, clang, clang++, Debug)	9m 40s
ci (macos-14, 20, clang, clang++, Release)	7m 2s
ci (macos-14, 20, clang, clang++, Debug)	4m 56s
ci (macos-15, 22, clang, clang++, Release)	6m 11s
ci (macos-15, 22, clang, clang++, Debug)	4m 41s
ci (windows-2022, 20, cl, cl, Release)	9m 21s
ci (windows-2022, 20, cl, cl, Debug)	8m 45s
ci (windows-2022, cl, cl, 22, Release)	9m 9s
ci (windows-2022, cl, cl, 22, Debug)	7m 50s
	2h 45m 23s

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