Mobile Gutenberg

This repository represents the mobile version of the WordPress gutenberg project, targeting Android and iOS platforms using React Native.

Getting Started

Prerequisites

For a developer experience closer to the one the project maintainers currently have, make sure you have the following tools installed:

• git
• nvm
• Node.js and npm (use nvm to install them)
• Android Studio to be able to compile the Android version of the app
• Xcode to be able to compile the iOS app
• CocoaPods (sudo gem install cocoapods) needed to fetch React and third-party dependencies.
• Carthage for Appium to be able run iOS UI tests

Depending on your setup, there may be a few configurations needed in Android Studio and Xcode. Please refer to React Native's documentation for the latest requirements for each development environment.

Note that the OS platform used by the maintainers is macOS but the tools and setup should be usable in other platforms too.

Clone the project

• Clone the project and submodules:

git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/wordpress-mobile/gutenberg-mobile.git

• Or if you already have the project cloned, initialize and update the submodules:

git submodule init
git submodule update

Set up

Before running the demo app, download and install the project dependencies:

nvm install && npm install

Run

npm run start:reset

Runs the packager (Metro) in development mode. The packager stays running to serve the app bundle to the clients that request it.

With the packager running, open another terminal window and use the following command to compile and run the Android app:

npm run core android

The app should now open in a connected device or a running emulator and fetch the JavaScript code from the running packager.

To compile and run the iOS variant of the app using the default simulator device, use:

npm run core ios

which will attempt to open your app in the iOS Simulator if you're on a Mac and have it installed.

Running on Other iOS Device Simulators

To compile and run the app using a different device simulator, use:

npm run core ios --simulator="DEVICE_NAME"

For example, if you'd like to run in an iPhone Xs Max, try:

npm run core ios --simulator="iPhone Xs Max"

To see a list of all of your available iOS devices, use xcrun simctl list devices.

Troubleshooting

If the Android emulator doesn't start correctly, or compiling fails with Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper or similar, it may help to double check the set up of your development environment against the latest requirements in React Native's documentation. With Android Studio, for example, you will need to configure the ANDROID_HOME environment variable and ensure that your version of JDK matches the latest requirements.

Some times, and especially when tweaking anything in the package.json, Babel configuration (.babelrc) or the Jest configuration (jest.config.js), your changes might seem to not take effect as expected. On those times, you might need to clean various caches before starting the packager. To do that, run the script: npm run start:reset. Other times, you might want to reinstall the NPM packages from scratch and the npm run clean:install script can be handy.

Developing with Visual Studio Code

Although you're not required to use Visual Studio Code for developing gutenberg-mobile, it is the recommended IDE and we have some configuration for it.

When you first open the project in Visual Studio, you will be prompted to install some recommended extensions. This will help with some things like type checking and debugging.

One of the extensions we are using is the React Native Tools. This allows you to run the packager from VSCode or launch the application on iOS or Android. It also adds some debug configurations so you can set breakpoints and debug the application directly from VSCode. Take a look at the extension documentation for more details.

Unit Tests

Use the following command to run the test suite:

npm run test

It will run the jest test runner on your tests. The tests are running on the desktop against Node.js.

To run the tests with debugger support, start it with the following CLI command:

npm run test:debug

Then, open chrome://inspect in Chrome to attach the debugger (look into the "Remote Target" section). While testing/developing, feel free to sprinkle debugger statements anywhere in the code that you'd like the debugger to break.

Writing and Running Unit Tests

This project is set up to use jest for tests. You can configure whatever testing strategy you like, but jest works out of the box. Create test files in directories called __tests__ or with the .test.js extension to have the files loaded by jest. See an example test here. The jest documentation is also a wonderful resource, as is the React Native testing tutorial.

End-to-End Tests

This repository extends the end-to-end (E2E) tests found in the gutenberg project repository. The majority of E2E tests reside in the gutenberg-mobile repository due to technical challenges, such as long runtime durations and instability. Additionally, experimental tests or non-core-related tests should be placed in the gutenberg-mobile repository.

Reviewing the gutenberg E2E test documentation is the best approach for understanding the test environment and how to set up your computer to run tests. Much of the information and approaches outlined there also apply to the tests found in this repository. The only difference being that this repository includes its own matching npm scripts to run the test, e.g. npm run test:e2e:ios:local.

After reviewing the gutenberg E2E test documentation, the following examples showcase running the E2E tests found in this repository using the repositories scripts.

# Setup the E2E environment
npm run core test:e2e:setup

# Run a single test file on iOS
npm run test:e2e:ios:local -- -- [email protected]

# Enable watch mode on Android
npm run test:e2e:android:local -- --watch

Static analysis and code style

The project includes a linter (eslint) to perform codestyle and static analysis of the code. The configuration used is the same as the one in the gutenberg project. To perform the check, run:

npm run lint

To have the linter also fix the violations run: npm run lint:fix.

You might want to use Visual Studio Code as an editor. The project includes the configuration needed to use the above codestyle and linting tools automatically.

Internationalization (i18n)

The support for i18n in the project is provided by three main areas for the different plugins included in gutenberg-mobile:

1. Translations files download
2. Locale setup
3. Localization strings file generation

Main areas

Translation files download

A translation file is basically a JSON object that contains key-value items with the translation for each individual string. This content is fetched from translate.wordpress.org that holds translations for WordPress and a list of different plugins like Gutenberg.

These files are cached under the folder located at src/i18n-cache/<PLUGIN_NAME>, and can be optimized depending on the command used for fetching them. Additionally, an index file (index.js) is generated that acts as the entry point to import and get translations for each plugin.

Fetched translations contain all the strings of the plugin, including strings that are not used in the native version of the editor, however, and in order to reduce their file size, they can be optimized by filtering out the unused strings.

By default, when installing dependencies, un-optimized translations will be downloaded for the plugins specified in the i18n:check-cache NPM command within the package.json file. The reason for getting the un-optimized version is purely for speed reasons, as the optimization process takes up several minutes.

For the optimized versions, similarly, we have the i18n:update NPM command that can be used for this purpose. This command is also automatically run when generating the bundle via npm run bundle, this way we guarantee that a new version of the bundle contains up-to-date translations. On the other hand, it's important to mention that this command also generates the localization strings files described in a later section.

Locale setup

This is done upon the editor initialization, an array containing the following items related to each plugin is passed:

[
  {
    domain: <DOMAIN / PLUGIN NAME>, (i.e. `jetpack`)
    getTranslation: <CALLBACK_FOR_GETTING_TRANSLATION> (i.e. `getTranslation` function imported from `src/i18n-cache/jetpack/index.js`)
  },
  ...
]

Localization strings file generation

Some of the strings referenced in the editor are only used in the native version, these strings are not included in the translations fetched from translate.wordpress.org, however, they are part of the WordPress app translations. For this reason, we generate the following localization strings files, which contain these types of string, for each platform, and that are bundled and incorporated in the translation pipeline of the app.

• bundle/android/strings.xml
• bundle/ios/GutenbergNativeTranslations.swift

These files are generated via the i18n:update NPM command, and like translations, they are also produced when generating the bundle.

NPM commands

• npm run i18n:update: Downloads optimized translations and generate localization strings files for all plugins. NOTE: This command is attached to bundle NPM command via prebundle:js, so it will be automatically executed when generating a bundle.
• npm run i18n:check-cache: Downloads un-optimized translations for plugins that don't have a cache folder. NOTE: This command is attached to dependency installation via postinstall, so it will be automatically executed when installing dependencies.

How to add a new plugin

1. Identify the i18n domain, which usually matches the plugin's name (i.e. jetpack).
2. Identify the GlotPress project slug (i.e. wp-plugins/jetpack for URL https://translate.wordpress.org/projects/wp-plugins/jetpack/)
3. Identify the path to the plugin's source code (i.e. ./jetpack/projects/plugins/jetpack/extensions).
4. Append the plugin's name, GlotPress project slug, and plugin's source code to the arguments of i18n:update and i18n:update:test NPM commands.
5. Append the plugin's name and GlotPress project slug to the arguments of i18n:check-cache NPM command.

Example:

"scripts": {
  ...
  "i18n:check-cache": "... jetpack wp-plugins/jetpack",
  "i18n:update": "... jetpack wp-plugins/jetpack ./jetpack/projects/plugins/jetpack/extensions",
  "i18n:update:test": "... jetpack wp-plugins/jetpack ./jetpack/projects/plugins/jetpack/extensions",
  ...
}

6. Add the i18n domain of the plugin and the callback for getting translation to the editor initialization. Example:

import { getTranslation as getJetpackTranslation } from './i18n-translations/jetpack';
...

const pluginTranslations = [
	{
		domain: 'jetpack',
		getTranslation: getJetpackTranslation,
	},
	...
];

7. (Optional) In some cases, it's needed to build the source code in order to extract the used strings. Consider adding a command in bin/i18n-update.sh file for this purpose (e.g. ./bin/run-jetpack-command.sh "-C projects/packages/videopress build" to build VideoPress package)

Caveats

• Strings that are only used in the native version, and reference a context, won't be included in the localization strings files hence, they won't be translated. This is a limitation in the format of the localization strings files.
• Localization strings files don’t support domains, so the strings extracted from plugins that are only used in the native version, will be unified in the same file, which might involve string conflicts.

Troubleshooting

A string is missing the translation

This can be produced by several causes, check the following steps in order to identify the source:

• Verify that the string uses the __ i18n function or similar (reference).
• Check for warnings in the output when running i18n:update NPM command, especially the following ones:
  • Parsing files issues (i.e. Debug (make-pot): Could not parse file <FILE>)
  • Missing strings in translation files (i.e. WARNING: The following strings are missing from translations:)
• If the string is only used in the native version, the translation won't be available until the a new version of the app is cut and its translations are requested. Check if the string is included in the localization strings files, if not, verify the output of i18n:update NPM command and look for warnings that reference the string.

License

gutenberg-mobile is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public License version 2.